Luxurious XO sauce is super rich with a seafood umami flavor that’s both savory and sweet. Add it to rice, noodles, fried rice, and much more to boost the taste.
What is XO sauce
XO sauce is a very interesting creation, considering China’s culinary history goes back thousands of years. This sauce hails from the 1980s when it was created from chopped dried seafood to complement Cantonese cuisine.
A staple in Hong Kong and the southern mainland regions like Guangdong, the ‘XO’ is a nod to the ‘extra old’ denotation used for cognac. However, there is no cognac used in the making of XO sauce. It usually contains various dried goods such as shrimp, shrimp roe, scallop, ham, and fish, along with aromatics such as garlic and onion.
Making XO sauce at home
Because of the bounty of dried seafood contained in it, XO sauce is considered a luxury item. It’s pretty expensive, but if you make it yourself out of high-quality ingredients, you can save money and enjoy that same premium flavor.
When you make XO sauce, it requires a fair amount of time and patience. First, you’ll have to pre-soak all those dried ingredients. Then, you’ll have to spend quite a lot of time slow-roasting everything to get it to the perfect texture. Traditionally, every ingredient is cooked separately to achieve the correct doneness, then mixed together. After many experiments though, we found out that it’s possible to group ingredients together to shorten the process.
PS: I DO NOT recommend adding everything together in one go, which I’ve seen in many online recipes. It’s very hard to control the doneness this way and it always ends up with some undercooked or overcooked ingredients.
Ingredients
And since you will need some more unusual ingredients that aren’t found in the typical American supermarket, you’ll have to run to your local Chinatown to get the key ingredients like dried scallops, dried shrimp, and cured ham.
Bigger Asian markets or shops in Chinatown should have them, but if you can’t find one near you, you can always order dried scallops and dried shrimp from Amazon. Prosciutto can be used instead of Chinese cured ham, but it may increase the cost of your homemade XO sauce.
Prepare ahead
You will need to soak the dried scallops and shrimp ahead of time, for a minimum of 4 hours or up to overnight.
For the scallops, once you’re done soaking them, you should remove and discard the tough piece from each (the adductor muscle). You can feel it with your hand. It’s not necessary, but your XO sauce will have tough bits mixed in, once cooked, if you skip this step.
Chop the ingredients
Chopping the ingredients is one of the most time-consuming parts of this recipe.
I prefer to use a food processor to chop the scallops and shrimp. It shreds the scallops way quicker and the shrimp are almostly minced when it’s done.
On the other hand, mincing the aromatics and the ham with a knife will provide a much better consistency without turning the ingredients into powder.
Read to cook
Once you’ve gathered all the ingredients, you’re ready to cook!
Cooking process
- Fry the shallots and garlic, then add the chilis
- Cook until the ingredients turn pale golden (It’s important to stop cooking before they turn golden brown, otherwise the aromatics will turn bitter)
- Drain the aromatics and set aside
- Cook the dried scallops until they just start to brown
- Add the dried shrimp and cook for 5 mins
- Add the dried ham
- Cook until everything turns dark brown
- Add the cooked aromatics back in. Pour in the Shaoxing wine and add the chili powder
- Cook for another 5 minutes.
You can find XO sauce recipes online that may seem easier, I know. While mine isn’t the easiest, I promise it’s worth it. The cooking steps I walk you through ensure that you’ll get a quality result with everything cooked to absolute perfection.
How to use XO sauce
Your patience will be rewarded with this incredibly rich, seafood-flavored sauce that touches on both savory and sweet appeals. Add it onto anything you like, from congee to rice to noodles. Stir it into fried rice, or add it to veggies or grilled fish for a completely mesmerizing taste that will change your weeknight routine into something much more exotic.
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Homemade XO Sauce (XO酱)
Ingredients
- 2 oz (55 g) dried scallops
- 2 oz (55 g) dried shrimp
- 1/2 cup + 2 tablespoons Shaoxing wine (or dry sherry)
- 1.5 oz (42 g) dry cured ham , minced (Jinhua or Yunnan style if possible, or prosciutto) (*Footnote 1)
- 2 large shallots , minced
- 8 cloves garlic , minced
- 2 Thai bird’s eye chilis , minced
- 1 and 1/4 cup canola oil (*Footnote 2)
- 1 tablespoon sugar
- 1 and 1/2 tablespoon oyster sauce
- 1 teaspoon chicken powder
- 1 tablespoon Chinese chili flakes
Instructions
Soak
- Rinse the scallops and shrimp with running water to remove any dust. Place them in separate heatproof bowls. Add a tablespoon of Shaoxing wine and 1/2 cup boiling water to each bowl. Let soak for at least 4 hours or overnight.
Prep
- Drain the soaked seafood, reserving the shrimp soaking liquid. Remove the hard feet on the side of the scallops (adductor muscle) (*Footnote 3). Add the scallops and shrimp into a small food processor and pulse until the scallops are shredded and the shrimp are minced. (*Footnote 4)
Cook aromatics
- Prepare a large heatproof bowl (enough to hold 2 cups of oil) and layer it with a strainer.
- Heat a heavy-bottomed pot or high-walled pan (*Footnote 5) over medium heat and add the oil.
- Once the oil has reached 200 to 250°F (94 to 120°C), add the shallots and garlic. Cook, stirring frequently, until they just start to show color, about 12 minutes.
- Add the minced chilis. Fry for another 5 minutes, or until the aromatics turn golden and crispy. (*Footnote 6)
- Strain the aromatics using the prepared bowl with the strainer. Pour the oil back into the pot and set aside the cooked aromatics.
- Heat the oil again to 200 to 250°F (94 to 120°C). Add the shredded scallops. Cook, stirring constantly, for about 10 minutes, until they just start to brown.
- Add the minced shrimp and continue to fry for 5 minutes.
- Add the minced ham. Cook and stir until everything turns a deep golden brown, 10 more minutes or so.
- Return the fried aromatics to the pot and stir to mix well.
- Pour in the Shaoxing wine. Add 2 tablespoons of the shrimp soaking liquid along with the sugar, oyster sauce, chicken powder, and chili flakes. Cook for another 5 minutes, or until the ingredients turn a dark brown color and the scallops are withered.
- Remove the skillet from the stove. Transfer everything to a heat-proof container.
- Once the sauce has cooled completely, you can store it in an airtight container or a jar in the fridge for about a month, or 3 months in the freezer.
Notes
- Chinese dried ham might be hard to find because not all Asian markets carry it. It’s usually sold in a vacuum package at room temperature. If you cannot find it, prosciutto is a great replacement.
- It’s very important to use a neutral oil in this recipe so the flavor does not muddle the rich sauce. Avoid using peanut oil, olive, oil and sesame oil. Other neutral oils like vegetable oil and grapeseed oil are OK.
- You can use your fingers to feel the scallop surface and it will be pretty obvious that a small part is tough. Removing this hard part will yield a more even texture for the cooked sauce.
- If you don’t have a food processor, use a knife to mince the shrimp. For the scallops, use your fingers to press the scallop and break it apart into small shreds. This can take a long time. I highly recommend watching your favorite TV show while doing this.
- It’s very important to use a tall pot. Do not use a flat skillet! The oil will bubble and rise very high while you cook the sauce.
- Be careful not to over-fry and wait until the color turns golden brown. The aromatics will continue to cook after they’ve been removed from the oil.
Nutrition
If you give this recipe a try, let us know! Leave a comment, rate it (once you’ve tried it), and take a picture and tag it @omnivorescookbook on Instagram! I’d love to see what you come up with.
More homemade sauce recipes
- Chinese Chili Garlic Shrimp
- Chinese BBQ Sauce (叉烧酱)
- Slow Roast Goose With Black Currant Sauce
- How to Make Chili Oil (辣椒油)
- Homemade Vegetarian Oyster Sauce (Vegan Stir Fry Sauce)
Lilja Walter is a part of the Omnivore’s Cookbook team and worked closely with Maggie to develop and test this recipe.
Hi Maggie!
Thanks to you and Lilja for this most interesting recipe, I love the idea of making XO sauce at home and your sauces are always amazing! This is the first time I’ll be making homemade XO Sauce and can’t wait to get started!
A quick question before I get started:. For the 2 oz of Shrimp required, is this also meant to be dried shrimp as the scallops, or is this for 2 oz of fresh, uncooked shrimp? I know it says “Shrimp” and I’m assuming you mean exactly what it says, but i don’t want to make a mistake and use fresh if the intent is dried shrimp.
Thanks again Maggie, be well and I cannot WAIT to try this, it sounds divine!
Kevin
Hi Kevin, it should be “dried shrimp”. I think I messed it up when I copy pasted the recipe into the recipe card. Just updated and now it reads correctly.
Glad to hear you would like to try out this dish! Happy cooking and can’t wait to hear your feedback 🙂
For the dry cured ham, Smithfield ham is the closest thing you going to get in this country. The Chinese ham is not allow here.
The last time my wife and I came back from Shanghai, I got busted for having meat in my luggage – a precious large slab of Jinhua ham. The Customs confiscated the ham and I had to pay a $50 fine.
Maggie, I have been making the XO sauce for many years, well over 10 years. I usually make a large batch that lasts almost the whole year.
Today I decided to make the XO sauce using your recipe (I doubled the amounts). I followed your instructions verbatim to ensure completeness of the sauce. I like your recipe much better because the ingredients are cooked individually and then blended at the end. This method allows each ingredient to develop at its own pace.
I took pictures of the XO sauce as soon as I turned off the stove and I would love to send them to you. I scooped a teaspoon and I can tell you the sauce is explosive with flavor. For those that complain it takes too long to prepare and cook, the effort is well worth it. I used the food processor whenever it was feasible.
I see the photo of the ingredients has a dish of chili powder but in the print recipe I don’t see that it is included. How much should be included?
Thanks!
It’s the chili flakes in the ingredient list. I used gochugaru powder (Korean chili pepper powder) because it adds nice color to the dish and I like my sauce a bit spicy. But the original XO sauce is not very spicy so I put chili flakes there. Sorry for the confusion!
Hi Maggie, I want to make this XO sauce because it looks fantastic. I do not eat most meat, so do you think I could replace the ham in the recipe with dried seasoned tofu and a drop of liquid smoke? Or should I just leave out the ham and call it done?
Thanks you for sharing your knowledge. Last night I made your Chinese Braised Daikon Radish recipe. Sooo good!
Hi Caryn, I think it’s the best to lease the ham out because the tofu doesn’t add flavor to the sauce.
How do you store this once made? And for how long? Making it this weekend!!
I just put them in an airtight container and store in the fridge. It has stayed in my fridge for 4 months and still good. I think for longer storage, you can freeze half (for 3 months or even longer) and store the rest in the fridge.
Happy cooking and I hope you like the sauce!
I want to make this as Christmas gifts, can it be water bathed to further shelf life?
I think water bath is a great way to increase shelf life. As long as it’s stored in the fridge, it lasts for quite a long time.
Made this yesterday and it’s so delicious! I had to cook everything longer than the recipe stated, and I think next time I’ll aim for closer to 250 degrees (I was trying to keep the oil at 225). Also, I think I used the wrong chili powder. I used sichuan chili flakes, and the result wasn’t nearly as red/dark and rich looking as the pictures. But . . . still so delicious. I keep pinching a bite of it and am going to have to freeze mine to keep from snacking on it throughout the day.
Can the dried seafood be rehydrated in pure shaoxing cooking wine or is the water necessary? Also thinking about adding fish sauce and lemongrass after seeing some vids online.
You can definitely rehydrate the dried seafood in Shaoxing wine, but I would toss the wine afterwards because it gets quite salty (salt from the dried seafood).
For fish sauce, I would add a very small amount because it’s quite salty. If you add the fish sauce, you can also cut the oyster sauce maybe by half.
Lemongrass sounds delicious and you can play with it, but the flavor might not come through that much because the sauce is quite savory and intense.